Edward Hopper (Nyack, July 22, 1882 - New York, May 15, 1967 ) was an American painter known for his portraits of solitude in contemporary American life .
Hopper nasce a Nyack da Garret Henry e da Elisabeth Griffiths Smith. Edward già dall'età di 5 anni dimostra una spiccata abilità nel disegno. I suoi genitori, scoperta questa dote, lo incoraggiano facendogli leggere riviste e libri sull'arte. Nel 1895 dipinge il suo primo quadro dove mostra uno spiccato interesse verso le navi e tutto ciò che è legato ad esse.
Gli inizi
Nato a Nyack, piccola cittadina sul Hudson River from a cultured middle-class American family, Hopper entered in 1900 at the New York Art So the institute is located alongside other future stars of the American art scene of the early fifties: Guy Pene du Bois, Rockwell Kent, Eugene Speicher and George Bellows. Important for the formation and growth, however, is the contact with three teachers: William Merritt Chase, that would incite to study. His first job was as an illustrator for advertising C. Phillips & Company.
trips abroad
Nel 1906 si reca per la prima volta in Europa, visitando Parigi, dove sperimenterà un linguaggio formale vicino a quello degli impressionisti, e proseguendo poi, nel 1907, per Londra, Berlino e Bruxelles.
Lo stile personale ed inconfondibile, formato da precise scelte espressive, emerge e si forma nel 1909, quando decide di tornare a Parigi per sei mesi, dipingendo a Saint-Germain-des-Prés e a Fontainebleau.
La sua pittura predilige un particolare e ricercato gioco di luci e ombre, la descrizione di interni, imparata da Degas e perfezionata durante il suo terzo e ultimo viaggio all'estero, a Parigi e in Spagna nel 1910, e il tema centrale della solitudine.
Mentre in Europa took foot Fauvism, Cubism and abstract art, Hopper is attracted mostly by Manet, Pissarro, Monet, Sisley, Courbet, Daumier, Toulouse-Lautrec and the oldest Goya.
the return
returned permanently in the United States, which will leave no more, Hopper leaves the European nostalgia that had influenced him until then, and began to develop subjects related to American life, shaping his style to life every day. Among the subjects which are especially dedicated to the representation of urban images of New York and the cliffs and beaches of nearby New England.
in 1918 is one of the first Members of the Whitney Studio Club, the most vital center for independent artists of the time.
Between 1915 and 1923 temporarily abandoned painting, engaging in new forms of expression such as engraving, etching and puntesecche running, thanks to which will get many awards and honors, including the prestigious National Academy of Design.
In this building adjacent to Washington Square Park in New York, was the study of Hopper
Success
The success con una mostra di acquerelli (1923) e con un'altra di dipinti (1924) contribuiscono a fare di Hopper il caposcuola dei realisti che dipingevano la "scena americana".
La sua evocativa vocazione artistica si rivolge sempre più verso un forte realismo, che risulta la sintesi della visione figurativa combinata con il sentimento struggente e poetico che Hopper percepisce nei suoi soggetti. Diceva: "non dipingo quello che vedo, ma quello che provo".
Predilige immagini urbane o rurali, immerse nel silenzio; i suoi spazi sono reali ma in essi c'è qualcosa di metafisico (senza alcun accostamento alla corrente italiana), che comunica allo spettatore un forte senso di inquietudine. La composizione dei quadri è talora geometrical, the sophisticated play of light cold, sharp and deliberately "artificial" synthetic details. The scene is often deserted, there is rarely more than a human figure, and when there is more than one, seems to emerge a dramatic estrangement and lack of communication between players that accentuates the painful loneliness. Him was that he knew "paint the silence." Hopper used compositions and photographic cuts similar to those of the Impressionists, who had seen the true, as has been said, in Paris at the beginning of the twentieth century, but in fact his style was very personal and, in turn, imitated by filmmakers and photographers.
Hopper in 1937 bought a house in Truro (Massachusetts) in the peninsula of Cape Cod, where he has since started to regularly pass the summer months. The landscape of Cape Cod, with its sand dunes, houses and lighthouses, is found in many of his paintings, like The House on The Hill, Cape Cod Cape Cod Morning or Evening.
In 1933 the Museum of Modern Art in New York dedicated the first retrospective and the Whitney Museum of American Art, the second in 1950.
Hopper died in 85 years May 15, 1967 in his studio in downtown New York. Today it is considered one of the great American masters, in some cases cited as a precursor of Pop Art.
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